1.
The In Vitro Study On Comparative Digestibility In Cow And Buffalo Of Different Fodders Availale In West
by Mohsin Shah, S.M | Dr.Muhammad Yaqub Malik | Not Available.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1970Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0065,T] (1).
2.
Effect Of Replacement Of Maize With The Varying Levels Of Stabilized Extruded Rice Polishing On The Performance Of Broilers
by Aqif Mukhtar, Syed | Prof.Dr. Nisar Ahmad Mian | Dr.Anjum Khalique | Dr.Muhammad.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: As the poultry industry flourished rapidly during the last thirty years, it has now become a major contributor in providing low cost protein of animal origin to our population. But unfortunately poultry industry is continuously suffering loses for the past few years mainly due the fact that the conventional feed stuffs are becoming costly day by day. The serious food shortage and increasing competition between human beings and poultry regarding the consumption of cereal grains demanded that cereals should be now spared for human consumption and exploration of non conventional feed sources should be carried out in order to keep the business of poultry industry running well.
Rice polishing is a by-product of rice milling so it is abundantly available in Pakistan because rice is the third largest crop produced in the country. Rice polishing compares well with the cereal grains in chemical composition. So it contains more fat and protein as compared to maize but high in fiber contents. Due to high fat contents rancidity of Rice polishing can pose some problems if it is fed after prolonged storage, specially in hot weather.
Extrusion cooking is a new technique which stabilizes the high fat diets and make them fit for use in the animal rations. For this reason full fat rice polishing was subjected to Extrusion Cooking which was done at National Feed Mill.
Present Experiment was conducted to replace maize with extruded rice polishing and to see the effects on the performance of broiler chicks. Six starter and six finisher rations were prepared and designated as A, B, C, D, E and F . All rations were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Starter ration and finisher ration A. were kept as a control containing 35 % Maize and 0% extruded Rice polishing, which was replaced by extruded rice polishing in ration B, C, D, E and F. on protein equivalent basis at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35% level In this way a complete 100% replacement of maize with extruded Rice polishing was made One hundred and eighty day old chicks were randomly divided into eighteen experimental units of 10 chicks each. Each experimental unit was placed individually. The starter rations were fed up to 28th day of age while the Finisher rations from 29th to 42nd day of age.
Results of the present study indicated that the weight gain up to 25% extruded rice polishing level was promisingly good. Maximum weight gain was recorded in Ration B (15% extruded rice polishing). Second best results were noted in the control ration but the performance of the chicks fed on 20% extruded rice polishing was almost equal to that of control ration. It was noted that the weight gain started to decrease gradually as the level was raised up to 35% of the total with each increasing increment.
Best feed utilization was observed in the chicks fed on ration B, whereas poor utilization of feed was noted in higher levels of extruded rice polishing in the diet having more feed consumption compared to weight gain.
Better performance up to 25% level indicated that Extrusion improved the nutritional quality of rice polishing by stabilizing it and inactivating Lipases. The extrusion also made starch more available for the birds and reduced the anti-nutritional elements of rice polishing. This is evident from the fact that the level of rice polishing effected the health of the chicks.
It was therefore concluded from the present study that extrusion is an excellent technique for converting low quality feed stuffs into feeds with higher nutritional quality. Specially extrusion of low priced feed ingredients such as rice polishing and it replacement with a costly feed ingredient such as wheat or maize holds good economic prospects for feed millers. As extrusion is done on a very limited scale therefore after the present study it was strongly recommended that the use of extruded feed stuffs should be promoted in poultry ration
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0583,T] (1).
3.
Comparative Nutritional Evaluation Of Poultry By Product Meals Prepared By Two Separate Processes In Broilers
by Aftab Ahmad | Prof.Dr.Talat Naseer Pasha | Dr.Muhammad | Mr.Anjum Khalique.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: Protein as a second major factor in formulatiQn of poultry rations after energy. It is supplied by animal and vegetable sources. Animal protein supplement are superior in quality due to its more balanced amino acid profile but are costly. While vegetable proteins are cheaper but lacking in some amino acid and have some antiS nutritional factor. The animal protein supplements available in Pakistan are blood, fish, meat and PBPM. PBPM is abundantly available in Pakistan and it is prepared by using chicken feet, heads, viscera, feather skin and blood. And processing varies from organization to organization. PBPM is prepared by different organization such as M. Artal, BeBeJan and Kakasian.
PBPM has low cost and its CP and ME are comparable to fish meal, but it is low in lysine and methionine. Our present study was to compare the effect of processing of PBPM manufactured by BeBeJan and Kakasian feed industry. Both have different composition and different processing method of PBPM as blood was included in BeBeJan PBPM but it was absent in Kakasian.
The objective of study was to evaluate nutritional profile and quality of commercially available PBPM, the effect of processing on performance of broiler chicks. 240 day old Hubbard chicks were purchased from the local marked and were divided into 8 groups from A to H which were again subdivided into 3 replicates of 10 birds each. Eight experimental starter and 8 experimental finisher rations of A, B, C, 13 and E, F, G, H were prepared. A and E were the control group while B, C and D having 3, 6, 9% PBPM of BeBeJan and F, G, H having 3, 6, 9% PBPM of Kakasian were formulated and starter rations were fed to chicks upto 28 days of age while finisher was provided from 29 to 42 day of age. The feed was supplied to the chicks reared in cages at College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore. The proximate analysis of the rations was done. And the parameters studied were weekly weight gain, feed consumption, FCR. At the end of the experiment three birds from each group were slaughtered to observe the dressing percentage and weight of internal organs. The economics of the experiment was also calculated. The pepsin digestability of both the organizations PBPM was also recorded. The data thus collected was subjected to statistical analysis. The results indicated that in BeBeJan group there was a significant weight gain in control group A (O%PBPM) while in Kakasian it was significant in F group having 3% PBPM. While comparing both organization PBPM it was observed that F&H rations having Kakasian PBPM 3% and 9% were better than B and D ration having BeBeJan PBPM 3 and 9% regarding weight gain while FOR of BeBeJan it was better in control group A (0% PBPM) while in Kakasian it was better in F group having 3% PBPM. While comparing both organations it was observed that Kakasian PBPM showed better FCR than that of BeBeJan. And it might be due to processing and no adultration of blood in PBPM by Kakasian, while BeBeJan PBPM contained blood. The dressing percentage of control group was better than treated group while comapring both organizations PBPM was non-significant difference among the groups.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0632,T] (1).
4.
Studies On The Effect Of Ammoniation On The Nutritive Value Of Different Roughages In The Fattening Of Lambs
by Talat Naseer Pasha | Dr.Muhammad Yaqoob Malik | Dr . Manzoor | Dr.Saghir Ahmad Jafri.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Sufficient quantity of agricultural by-products in the form of dry roughages are available in the Country for livestock feeding. The nutritive improvement of these roughages could be accomplished by proper chemical treatments. Ammoniation is one of the methods employed to improve the nutritive value of dry roughages for feeding of livestock.
A fattening trial was conducted on four groups of 64 male of Lohi lambs breed to study the effect of ammoniatin on the nutritive value of wheat straw and sugarcane pith. The roughages were treated with ammonia at 3.5 % level for 15 days and used at 22.5 % level of the four experimental rations having untreated and ammonia treated wheat straw and sugarcane pith. The experiment lasted for 84 days. Feed consumption, weight gain, feed efficiency and digestibility of the animals were recorded.
There was a significant (PLO.05) improvement in the weight gain and feed efficiency of the lambs fed ammonia treated roughages as compared with the non-treated roughages. However, there was no significant difference in the feed consumption of the animals fed different experimental rations. The digestibility trial revealed that the differences with regard to the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein,crude fibre, ether extract and nitrogen free extract between treated and untreated sugarcane pith and wheat straw were F; non-significant. But when both the roughages whether ammonia treated or untreated were compared with each other, wheat straw had significantly higher values of nutrients digestibility as compared with sugarcane pith.
The study indicated that ammoniation of wheat straw and sugarcane pith improve their nutritive value at a significant level (PLO.05) for the fattening of lambs.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0804,T] (1).
